In the current landscape of medical and biological research, successfully addressing a given task requires specialists to possess in-depth knowledge of modern methodological approaches. Such expertise enables researchers to develop and implement their own experimental protocols, publish their findings, and prepare reports and documentation for grant applications. One valuable methodology is the visualization of data using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Images obtained with this technique can then be used for quantitative analyses. The aim of this study was to examine the fundamental principles of confocal microscopy and to demonstrate its potential applications in contemporary biological and biomedical research. This paper presents an example of using the FV1000-BX61WI confocal microscope (Olympus, Japan) at the Shared Use Centre of the Bogomolets Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to assess cell viability. This approach is particularly useful for investigating the neuroprotective effects and toxicity of potential pharmacological agents.