On October 28–29, 2025, the O.O. Bohomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine hosted the virtual workshop “Modern Methods in Neuroscience,” which brought together more than 120 participants — students, PhD students, young researchers, and experienced scientists from various institutions. The aim of the event was to highlight the most up-to-date experimental approaches in contemporary neuroscience and to create an open platform for scientific exchange. The program included lectures and demonstration-based presentations on quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA, confocal microscopy for assessing neuronal viability, neuronal cell culture for electrophysiological studies, investigation of epileptiform activity in brain slices, analysis of neuronal activity in freely moving animals, behavioral approaches in neuroscience, in situ methods for studying muscle contractile function, the use of neural networks in laboratory research, and issues of neuroethics. A distinctive feature of the workshop was the active involvement of PhD students and young scientists as lecturers, which ensured a modern, practice-oriented format and emphasized the important role of the younger generation in the development of Ukrainian neuroscience. The second day was devoted to a mini-conference where authors of the best abstracts delivered oral presentations; the top presentation was awarded to PhD student Serhii Nadtoka. The event was held with the support of the grant program “Biomedical Center for Innovative Research in Neuroscience” (№2023.05/002) of the National Research Foundation of Ukraine, and the materials of the lectures and young researchers’ presentations are included in this special issue of the Fiziologichnyi Zhurnall. This issue also features a series of methodological reviews that complement the workshop’s topics and highlight current technological approaches used in modern neurobiological research.