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Pathogenetically targeted restoration of the menstrual cycle in women after COVID-19
A.O. Petruk, O.O. Lytvak
- State Institution of Science «Сenter of innovative healthcare technologies» State Administrative Department, Kyiv, Ukraine
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fz71.05.090

Abstract
Menstrual disorders are increasingly being observed in women recovering from COVID-19. Mechanisms
include neuroendocrine suppression, endothelial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation, which may
transiently impair hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis activity and endometrial perfusion. The aim of
our study was to substantiate and evaluate the effectiveness of a pathogenetically targeted personalized
rehabilitation program for restoring menstrual function in women after COVID-19. Women of reproductive
age (n = 82) with menstrual disorders that developed within six months after COVID-19 participated in the
study. The personalized protocol included hormonal correction (dopamine agonists, levothyroxine, estrogen-
progestagen therapy according to indications), metabolic and antioxidant support (vitamin D
3
, N-3 PUF As,
folic acid and vitamin B
12
, magnesium-B
6
complex), as well as chronobiotic and psychological regulation
(melatonin, cognitive-behavioral therapy, sleep hygiene). The primary endpoint was the restoration of a
regular cycle (21-35 days); secondary endpoints were hormonal normalization and improvement in SF-36
quality of life. Regular menstrual cycles were restored in 90.2% of women within 3.9 ± 1.6 months. Hormonal
normalization (euthyroid state, normoprolactinemia, physiological level of sex hormones) was achieved
in 80.5%. Total Short Form-36 Health Survey questionnaire scores (SF-36) increased from 58.4 ± 12.7 to
83.8 ± 8.9. Side effects were mild and transient (9.8%). Personalized rehabilitation, including hormonal,
metabolic, antioxidant, and psychoneuroendocrine correction, significantly improved reproductive recovery
after COVID-19. Vitamin and micronutrient supplementation, particularly folic acid, magnesium, melatonin,
and vitamin D
3
is pathogenetically justified and promotes faster normalization of menstrual and hormonal
function in women of reproductive age.
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; post-COVID syndrome; menstrual cycle disorders; reproductive health; vitamin and micronutrient supplementation; folic acid; quality of life
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