The generation of superoxide anion radicals (in mitochondria, microsomes and under respiratory burst of leucocytes) and nitric oxide (NO) in renal tissue has been studied in the experiment with white rats, which had been carried out nephrotomy with following usage for suture such absorbable surgical threads as plain and chromic catgut, biofil (of dura mater spinalis of the cattle), Dexon II (polyglycolic acid) and biofil modified with aethonium, succinate and mexidol. The research proves the use of plai and chromic catgut leads to the development longer oxidative stress with increasing of cytotoxic agents production (superoxide anion and NO). The risk of longitudinal oxidative stress decreases under the use of biofil suture modified with biological active compounds (aethonium, succinate and mexidol). In this case, the generation of superoxide anion radicals in mitochondria and microsomes is normalised earlier. The superoxide generation with respiratory burst of leucocytes and NO production decreases in 14 day of postoperative period under the use of biofil suture modified with succinate and mexidol.