Today, the link between obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD] is a proven fact. However, there is no information about the condition of the esophageal mucosa (EM) against the background of glutamate-induced obesity (GIO). The aim of our work was to investigate the content of cytokines in the EM of rats with GIO against the background of periodic administration of the multiprobiotic “Symbiter acidophilic®” concentrated (Symbiter). The work was carried out on 30 white non-linear male rats, divided into three groups: the first group was an intact control, the rats of the second and third groups were simulated obesity by administering to them in the neonatal period monosodium glutamate (4 mg/g, dissolved in water for injections in the volume of 8 μl/h subcutaneously on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th days after birth. Rats in the third group were periodically injected with Symbiter (140 mg/kg), starting from the first month of life. After reaching the age of 16 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the presence of obesity was assessed according to the Lee index. Next, the esophagus was cut out and the mucous membrane was examined using a binocular magnifier. The content of cytokines in the mucosal homogenate was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Obesity was recorded in 4-month-old rats after neonatal sodium glutamate administration. In the EM, they did not have visible lesions, but biochemical changes developed, consisting of an increase in the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12B p40 against the background of a decrease in the content of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and a slight increase in another anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. That is, we are talking about the inflammatory process at preclinical level. Against the background of the GIO development, the periodic administration of Symbiter to rats led to the normalization of the body weight and to a decrease in the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a positive effect on the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the EM. Subsequently, the EM inflammatory process in rats with GIO may lead to the development of GERD. Symbiter, having a normalizing effect on the composition of the microflora, prevents obesity, eliminates inflammation, this leads to the normalization of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines ratio in the mucous membrane of the esophagus of rats after neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate.