Українська English

ISSN 2522-9028 (Print)
ISSN 2522-9036 (Online)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fz

Fiziologichnyi Zhurnal

is a scientific journal issued by the

Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Editor-in-chief: V.F. Sagach

The journal was founded in 1955 as
1955 – 1977 "Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal" (ISSN 0015 – 3311)
1978 – 1993 "Fiziologicheskii zhurnal" (ISSN 0201 – 8489)
1994 – 2016 "Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal" (ISSN 0201 – 8489)
2017 – "Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal" (ISSN 2522-9028)

Fiziol. Zh. 2010; 56(5): 62-76

Neuromuscular responses of the triceps surae muscle to prolonged passive stretch of the foot extensor muscles under conditions of simulated microgravity

Koriak IuA.

    The State Science Center Institute of Medical and Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fz56.05.062

Abstract

The effect of a 60-day 6° head-down tilt (HDT) of bed rest with and without countermeasures on the mechanical properties of human the triceps surae muscle was studied in 12 healthy young men subjects. One group (n=6; mean age 30.8 ± 3.1 years) underwent a 60-day HDT and a second group (n=6; mean age 30.5 ± 1.9 years) underwent HDT with counter-measures (long-term passive stretching). The results showed that the contractile properties of skeletal muscle change considerably. After HDT without countermeasures the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) declined by 33.5 % (P < 0.05), the electrically evoked tetanic tension at 150 Hz (Po) and isometric twitch contraction (P) reduced by 18.0 % (P < 0.02) and 17.3 % (P < 0.05), respectively. Time-to peak tension (TPT) of the twitch increased by 3.4 %, but half-relaxation time (1/2 RT) decreased by 7.2 %, and total contraction time (TCT) increased not significantly. The difference between Po and MVC expressed as a percentage of P and referred to as force deficiency (P), has also been calculated. The Pd increased by 61 % (P < 0.001). The rate of rise of voluntary contractions calculated according to an relative scale significantly reduced, but the electrically evoked contraction no substantial changes were observed. After HDT with long-term passive stretching caused decrease by 43.0 % (P < 0.05) in MVC, and P, and in P by 17.0 %, and by19.4 % (P < 0.05), respectively. The Pd increased significantly by 100 % (P < 0.001). TPT, and 1/2 RT not change significantly, and TCT of the twitch increased by 6.5 %, respectively in relation to the control condition. The rate of rise of electrically evoked tetanic tension did not change significantly during HDT with countermeasures but the rate of rise in on isometric voluntary tension development were decreased. These data indicate that prolonged passive stretch­ing of a single muscle decreases voluntary strength. Thus, the received data specify, that the long passive stretching of a muscle does not find out preventive facilitate contractile prop­erties of the muscular device from negative influences of me­chanical unloading. This study presents evidence that pro­longed passive muscle stretching can lead to some modifica­tion of contraction material behavior. In addition, altered mate­rial properties seem to affect proprioceptive feedback and, therefore, the motor unit activation in proportion to the contractile failure.

Keywords: human triceps surae muscle – bed rest musclestretching – contractile properties – voluntary activation elec-trically induced contraction – weightlessness countermeasures.

Full text: (PDF, in Russian)

References

  1. Barer A.S., Savinov A.P., Severin G.I., Stoklitskii A.Yu., Tihomirov E.P. Fiziologo-gigienicheskoe obosnovanie konstruktsii nekotorih individual'­nih sredstv profilaktiki neblagopriyatnogo deistviya nevesomosti . Kosm. biologiya i aviakosm. meditsina. 1975. 9. S. 41-47.
    2.  
  2. Volkov M.Yu., Molchanova L.D. Izmeneniya temperaturi tela cheloveka v usloviyah 1- i 3-sutochnoi immersii . Aktual'nie probl. kosmich. biologii i meditsini. M.: Meditsina, 1977. S. 110-111.
    3.  
  3. Kozlovskaya I.B., Grigor'eva L.S., Gevlich G.I. Sravnitel'nii analiz vliyanii nevesomosti i ee modelei na skorostno-silovie svoistva i tonus skeletnih mishts cheloveka . M.: Meditsina, 1984. 6. S. 22-26.
    4.  
  4. Koryak Yu.A. Sravnenie sokratitel'nih svoistv mishts nizhnih konechnostei u cheloveka . Fiziol. zhurn. 1994. 40. S. 30-38.
    5.  
  5. Koryak Yu.A. Funktsional'nie svoistva nervnomishechnogo apparata cheloveka pri povishennoi i ponizhennoi nagruzke : Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra biol. nauk. M. 2006. 52 s.
    6.  
  6. Koryak Yu.A. Vliyanie passivnogo rastyazheniya trehglavoi mishtsi goleni (TMG) u cheloveka na ee sokratitel'nie svoistva. V kn.: XII konf. po kosmich. biologii i aviakosmich. meditsine. M. 2002. S. 182-183.
    7.  
  7. Koryak Yu.A., Kozlovskaya I.B. Vozbudimost' motoneironnogo pula u cheloveka v usloviyah dlitel'noi antiortostaticheskoi gipokinezii (ANOG). V kn.: VII Vseros. simpozium «Ekologo-fiziol. problemi adaptatsii». M., 1994. S. 127-128.
    8.  
  8. Stepantsov V.I., Tihonov M.A., Eremin A.V. Fizicheskaya trenirovka kak metod preduprezhdeniya gipodinamicheskogo sindroma . Kosm. biologiya i aviakosm. meditsina. 1972. 6. S. 64-69.
    9.  
  9. Hristova L.G., Gidikov A.A., Aslanova I.F., Kirenskaya A.V., Kozlova V.G., Kozlovskaya I.B. Vliyanie immersionnoi gipokinezii na nekotorie parametri mishechnih potentsialov cheloveka . Kosm. biologiya i aviakosm. meditsina. 1986. 20. S. 27-31.
    10.  
  10. Alter M.J. Science of Flexibility. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1996.
    11.  
  11. Armstrong R.B., Duan C, Delp M.D., Hayes D.E., Glenn G.M., Allen G.D. Elevations in rat soleus muscle [Ca+2] with passive stretch . J. Appl. Physiol. 1993. 74. P. 2990-2997. CrossRef PubMed
    12.  
  12. Ashmore R.C., Hitchcock L., Lee Y.B. Passive stretch of adult chicken muscle produces myopathy remar­kably similar to hereditary muscular dystrophy . Exp. Neurol. 1988. 100. P. 341-353. CrossRef  
  13. Avela J., Kyrtsldinen H., Komi P.V. Altered reflex sensi-tivity after repeated and prolonged passive muscle stretch­ing . J. Appl. Physiol. 1999. 86. P. 1283-1291. CrossRef PubMed
    14.  
  14. Avela J., Finni T., Liikavainio T., Niemela E., Komi P.V. Neural and mechanical responses of the triceps surae muscle group after 1 h of repeated fast passive stretches . Ibid. 2004. 96. P. 2325-2332. CrossRef PubMed
    15.  
  15. Bigland-Ritchie B.R., Furbush F.H., Gandevia S.C., Thomas C.K. Voluntary discharge frequencies of hu­man motorneurons at different muscle lengths . Muscle & Nerve. 1992. 15. P. 130-137. CrossRef PubMed
    16.  
  16. Bigland-Ritchie B., Furbush F., Woods J.J. Fatigue of intermittent submaximal voluntary contractions: cen­tral and peripheral factors . J. Appl. Physiol. 1986. 61. P. 421-429. CrossRef PubMed
    17.  
  17. Briggs F.N., Poland J.L., Solard R.J. Relative capabilities of sarcoplasmic reticulum in fast and slow mammalian skeletal muscle . J. Physiol. 1977. 266. P. 587-594. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
    18.  
  18. Caldwell G.E. Tendon elasticity and relative length: effects on the Hill two-component muscle model . J. Appl. Biomech. 1995. 11. P. 1-24. CrossRef  
  19. Campbell K.M., Biggs N.L., Blanton P.L., Lehr R.R. Electromyographic investigation of the relative activ­ity among four components of the triceps surae . Amer. J. Phys. Med. 1973. 52. P. 30-41.
    20.  
  20. Close R.I. Dynamic properties of mammalian skeletal muscle . Physiol. Rev. 1972. 52. P. 129-197. CrossRef PubMed
    21.  
  21. Davies C.T.M., Young K. Effect of temperature on the contractile properties and muscle power of triceps surae in humans . J. Appl. Physiol. 1983. 55. P. 191-195. CrossRef PubMed
    22.  
  22. Delwaide P.J. Human monosynaptic reflexes and pr­esynaptic inhibition. An interpretation of spastic hy-perreflexia . New Dev. Electromyogr. Clin. Neuro-physiol . Ed. Desmedt J.E. Karger, Basel. 1973. 3. P. 508-522. CrossRef  
  23. Duchateau J., Hainaut K. Electrical and mechanical changes in immobilized human muscle . J. Appl. Physiol. 1987. 62. P. 2168-2173. CrossRef PubMed
    24.  
  24. Duchateau J., Hainaut K. Effects of immobilization on contractile properties, recruitment and firing rates of human motor units . J. Physiol. 1990. 422. P. 55-65. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
    25.  
  25. Eccles J.C., Eccles R.M., Lundberg A. Synaptic ac­tions on motoneurons caused by impulses in Golgi tendon organ afferents . Ibid. 1957. 138. P. 227-252. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
    26.  
  26. Edman K.A.P. Double-hyperbolic force-velocity relation in frog muscle fibres . Ibid. 1988. 404. P. 301-321. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
    27.  
  27. Fowles J.R., Sale D.G., MacDougall J.D. Reduced strength after passive stretch of the human plantar-flexors . J. Appl. Physiol. 2000. 89. P. 1179-1188. CrossRef PubMed
    28.  
  28. Fuglsang-Frederiksen A., Scheel U. Transient decrease in number of motor units after immobilization in man . J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1978. 41. P. :924-929.29. Garrett W.E., Safran M.R. Jr., Seaber A.V., Glisson R.R., Ribbeck B.M. Biomechanical comparison of stimulated and nonstimulated skeletal muscle pulled to failure . Amer. J. Sports Med. 1987. 15. P. 448-454. CrossRef PubMed
    29.  
  29. Goldspink G., Tabary C, Tabary J.C., Tardien C, Tardien G. Effect of denervation on the adaptation of sarcomere length of the muscle . J. Physiol. 1974. 236. P. 733-742. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
    30.  
  30. Hikida R.S., Gollnick P.D., Dudley G.A., Convertino V.A., Buchanan P. (1989) Structural and metabolic characteristics of human skeletal muscle following 30 days of simulated microgravity . Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 1989. 60. P. 664-670.
    31.  
  31. Houk J.C., Singer J.J., Goldman M.R. Adequate stimu­lus for tendon organs with observation on mechanics of the ankle joint . J. Neurophysiol. 1971. 34. P. 1051-1065. CrossRef PubMed
    32.  
  32. Hutton R.S. Neuromuscular basis of stretching exer­cises. In: Strength and Power in Sport . Ed. Komi P.V. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Sci, 1992. P. 29-38.
    33.  
  33. Johnson M.A., Polgar J., Weightman D., Appleton D. Data on the distribution of fibre types in thirty-six human muscles. An autopsy study . J. Neurol. Sci. 1973. 18. P. 111-129. CrossRef  
  34. Kawakami Y., Abe T., Kuno S.Y., Fukunaga T. Train­ing-induced changes in muscle architecture and spe­cific tension . Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 1995. 72. P. 37-43. CrossRef PubMed
    35.  
  35. Kawakami Y., Akima H., Kubo K., Muraoka Y, Hasegawa H., Kouzaki M., Imai M., Suzuki Y, Gunji A., Kanehisa H., Fukunaga T. Changes in muscle size, architecture and neural activation after 20 days of bed rest with and without countermeasures . Ibid. 2001. 84. P. 7-12. CrossRef PubMed
    36.  
  36. Kim D.H., Witzmann F.A., Fitts R.H. Effects of dis­use on sarcoplasmic reticulum in fast and slow skeletal muscle . Amer. J. Physiol. 1982. 243. C. 156-C160. CrossRef PubMed
    37.  
  37. Koryak Yu. Electromyographic study of the contractile and electrical properties of the human triceps surae muscle in a simulated microgravity environment . J. Physiol. 1998. 510. P. 287-295. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
    38.  
  38. Koryak Yu. "Dry" immersion induces neural and contractile adaptations in the human triceps surae muscle . Environ. Med. 2002. 46. P. 17-27.
    39.  
  39. Kozlovskaya I.B., Burlachkova N.I. Effects of microgravity on spinal reflex mechanisms. In: 12th Man in Space Symp.: The Future of Human in Space. Washington, 1997. P. 310-311.
    40.  
  40. Leterme D., Falempin M. Contractile properties of rat soleus motor units following 14 days of hindlimb unloading . Pflug. Arch. 1996. 432. P. 313-319. CrossRef PubMed
    41.  
  41. Lieber R.L., Boakes J.L. Sarcomere length and joint kinematics during torque production in frog hindlimb . Amer. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. 1988. 254. P. C759-C768. CrossRef PubMed
    42.  
  42. Lieber R.L., Woodburn T.M., Friden J. Muscle damage induced by eccentric contractions of 25% strain . J. Appl. Physiol. 1991. 70. P. 2498-2507. CrossRef PubMed
    43.  
  43. Magnusson S.P. Passive properties of human skeletal muscle during stretch maneuvers. A review . Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 1998. 8. P. 65-77. CrossRef PubMed
    44.  
  44. Magnusson S.P., Simonsen E.B., A>Kgaard P., Dyhre-Poulsen P., McHugh M.P., Kjaer M. Mechanical and physiological responses to stretching with and without preisometric contraction in human skeletal muscle . Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1996. 77. P. 373-378. CrossRef  
  45. Magnusson S.P., Simonsen E.B., A>Kgaard P., Kjaer M. Biomechanical responses to repeated stretches in human hamstring muscle in vivo . Amer. J. Sports Med. 1996. 24. P. 622-628. CrossRef PubMed
    46.  
  46. Matthews P.B.C. Mammalian Muscle Receptors and Their Central Actions. London: Arnold, 1972. S.
    47.  
  47. Mayer R.F., Burke R.E., Toop J., Hodgson J.A., Kanda K., Walmsley B. The effect of long-term immobilization on the motor unit population of the cat medial gastroc-nemius muscle . Neuroscience. 1981. 6. P. 725-739. CrossRef  
  48. Pette D., Vrbova G. Neural control of phenotypic ex­pression in mammalian muscle fibers . Muscle & Nerve. 1985. 8. P. 676-689. CrossRef PubMed
    49.  
  49. Ross H.E., Brodie E., Benson A. Mass discrimination during prolonged weightlessness . Science. 1984. 225. P.219-221. CrossRef PubMed
    50.  
  50. Steven L., Mounier Y., Holy X., Falempin M. Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle after 15 days of hindlimb suspension . J. Appl. Physiol. 1990. 68. P. 334-340. CrossRef PubMed
    51.  
  51. Simmons R.M., Jewell B.R. Mechanics and models of muscular contraction . Rec. Adv. Physiol. 1974. 9. P. 87-147.
    52.  
  52. Smith L.L., Brunetz M.H., Chenier T.C., McCammon M.R., Houmard J.A., Franklin M.E., Israel R.G. The effects of static and ballistic stretching on delayed-onset muscle soreness and creatine kinase . Res. Q. Exerc. Sport. 1993. 64. P. 103-107. CrossRef PubMed
    53.  
  53. Stump C.S., Overton J.M., Tipton CM. Influence of single hindlimb support during simulated weightles­sness in the rat . J. Appl. Physiol. 1990. 68. P. 627-634. CrossRef PubMed
    54.  
  54. Timson B.F. Evaluation of animal models for the study of exercise-induced muscle enlargement . J. Appl. Physiol. 1990. 69. P. 1935-1945. CrossRef PubMed
© National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 2014-2023.