Calcium entry and intracellular calcium stores in regulation ofneurotransmitter release
O.N.Verkhratsky, S.A.Fedulova
A.A.Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy ofSciences of Ukraine, KievUniversity of Manchester, UK.
Abstract
Synaptic transmission provides the fundamental mechanisms
for integrative processes in neuronal networks. Efficacy of
synaptic transmission is directly controlled by the amount of
neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft. The release of
the neurotransmitter, in turn, is regulated by several molecular
cascades expressed in the presynaptic terminal. Activity of
these cascades is regulated by the concentration of free calcium
ions ([Ca 2+]i) within the presynaptic terminal, and therefore
an increase of [Ca 2+]i in the presynaptic compartment controls
neurotransmitter release. Elevation of [Ca 2+]i in the presynaptic
terminal results from Ca 2+ entry through the plasmalemmal
voltage-gated calcium channels, however Ca 2+ release from the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store may also contribute
towards presynaptic [Ca 2+]i signals. In this review we summarize
data supporting the importance of the ER Ca 2+ release in
regulation of neurotransmitter release.
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