The effectiveness of usage of antiaggregant and immunosup- pressive therapy for prevention the development of neointimal hyperplasia of arteriovenous anastomoses site was studied. The study was carried on rabbits that were intraoperatively intravenously injected with 1000 IU of heparin and formed an arteriovenous anastomosis end-to-side between the external jugular vein and the common carotid artery. In the postop- erative period, animals of the 1st research group received the platelets P2Y12 receptors inhibitor clopidogrel (20 mg daily, per os); the 2nd – the platelets aggregation inhibitor cilostazol (20 mg/kg daily, per os); in rabbits of 3rd and 4th groups a tacrolimus-saturated film was used topically in the anastomosis site during surgery, and clopidogrel and cilostazol, respectively, in the postoperative period. Animals of the control group didn’t receive antiaggregant and immunosup- pressive therapy after surgery. It was found that the formation of arteriovenous fistula was accompanied by morphological restructuring of the vascular wall, endothelial dysfunction. In rabbits of all research groups, the neointimal transformation of the anastomosis site occurred, the structural features of which depended on the duration of functioning and medica- ment support. The intensity of oxidative reactions in these animals was lower in relation to the control (the content of protein and lipid peroxidation products in the blood serum was lower by 31.4 – 72.4% against the background of higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase by one and a half – two times). The usage of antiaggregants (especially cilostazol) in combination with local immunosup- pressive therapy minimised the disruption of pro-/antioxidant balance, physiological synthesis of nitric oxide, caused the formation of a small area of neointimal transformation while maintaining the structure of the vascular wall membranes and well-developed vessels and nerves of vessels in the adventitia, ensuring its trophism and functioning.