The article highlights the problem of the formation and development of the syndrome of professional burnout and evaluates its impact on the functioning of the physiological systems of the human body. The analysis of scientific literature is also presented regarding the definition of specific markers of burnout syndrome, which are formed as a result of the influence of its components on the functioning of the individual, the analysis of neuropsychophysiological changes. In burnout syndrome, morphofunctional changes are observed in the form of a decrease in dendritic arborization in such structures of the CNS as: prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, insula, hippocampus, and pons. Increases in dendritic arborization and spine density in the amygdala lead to impaired attention, reduced working memory, emotional exhaustion, irritability, anxiety, and physical fatigue. Hyperstimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leads to an increase in the secretion of cortisol and catecholamines, which, in combination with the inhibition of nitric oxide production, contributes to the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and other metabolic disorders. There are changes in the respiratory system, including bronchial hypersensitivity, asthma, increased respiratory symptoms and the risk of developing inflammatory processes. Exhaustion syndrome is accompanied by a malfunction of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, and narrowing of blood vessels in them, which can be the cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, portal hypertension, and liver necrosis. Along with this, there is a decrease in the bodys resistance to infectious diseases, which manifests in a violation of the ability of the immune system to suppress latent viruses and inflammatory processes. Long-term exposure to stressors leads to a decrease in libido, erectile dysfunction and deterioration of sperm quality in men, as well as menstrual cycle disorders, anovulation and infertility in women. Energy metabolism in the body during burnout syndrome is inhibited, and the ATP levels and mitochondrial respiration decrease. Prospects for further development include additional diagnostics of the above markers, including the determination of the concentration of components of the adenyl system in saliva, which will allow a more objective determination of the presence or absence of this syndrome, and the development of a correctional program aimed at restoring mental health.