Impact of Platelet Hemostasis on Heart Rate Variability in Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease and COVID-19
V.Z. Netiazhenko1,3, S.E. Mostovyi1,2, K.O. Mikhalev3
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
- SE 'Medbud', Kyiv, Ukraine
- State Scientific Institution 'Scientific and Practical Center for Preventive and Clinical Medicine' of the State Administration of Affairs, Kyiv, Ukraine
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fz70.05.030
Abstract
In order to prevent complications of coronavirus disease
COVID-19 (impaired platelet hemostasis, endothelial function,
heart rate variability and QT interval, which increase the
risk of thromboembolic complications and cardiovascular
mortality), it is promising to study the relationship between
heart rate variability and platelet hemostasis in patients with
coronary artery disease in combination with COVID-19. The
aim of the study was to investigate the effect of COVID-19
on the interdependence of changes in platelet hemostasis and
heart rate variability in patients with CHD. The clinical and
instrumental results of 102 patients were analyzed, who were
divided into 3 groups: group 1 - coronary heart disease (CHD)
without COVID-19 (n = 32); group 2 - CHD in combination
with COVID-19 (n = 35); group 3 - COVID-19 without CHD
(n = 35). The control group included 30 conditionally healthy
individuals. In the group of CHD + COVID-19, changes in
platelet hemostasis were determined by laser aggregometry by
the turbidimetric method according to Born and analysis of
light transmission fluctuations (to assess the average size of
aggregates) with an assessment of spontaneous and induced
aggregation: adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic
acid (AA), epinephrine, collagen, ristomycin. Aggregation
parameters were recorded on a BIOLA LA230-2 analyzer
using the AGGR program. According to the results of the
study, an aggregogram was obtained with the following
parameters: according to the curve. In patients with coronary heart disease with concomitant COVID-19, a wide range
of disorders of the functional state of platelet hemostasis
was observed, in particular, an increase in the degree, rate
and time of spontaneous platelet aggregation, as well as a
decrease in the degree, rate and time of platelet aggregation
induced by epinephrine. At the same time, the profile of the
course of CHD in combination with COVID-19, in contrast
to the “isolated” course of both conditions, was characterized
by a predominance of a decrease in the rate of aggregation
during induction with arachidonic acid and ADP in patients
of group 2. The degree of aggregation was greater in group
2 when using collagen and ristomycin. The aggregation time
was shorter when using an adrenaline inducer in group 2.
Patients with chronic coronary artery disease, in particular in
its combination with COVID-19, showed signs of autonomic
nervous system dysfunction, namely a decrease in overall
HRV (by SDNN, SDАNN and SDNNi) and a decrease in the
activity of the parasympathetic nervous system (by rMSSD,
pNN50 and HF). The detected changes in the autonomic
regulation of the heart were most pronounced among patients
with associated coronary artery disease and COVID-19 in
terms of HRV parameters such as SDNN and pNN50. Increases
in QT interval duration and variability recorded in patients
with chronic coronary artery disease and COVID-19 were
most pronounced in the combination of the two nosologies
and the collagen-induced aggregation time had a direct
correlation with HF. There are inverse relationships between
the rate of spontaneous aggregation induced by adrenaline and
collagen on the one hand and the indicators characterizing the
sympathetic link of the ANS on the other. A direct correlation
was observed between the degree of spontaneous aggregation
and ADP-induced aggregation and between the rate of
spontaneous aggregation induced by adrenaline and collagen
and the parasympathetic part of the ANS. The aggregation
time induced by epinephrine was directly related to the integral
indices of the ANS and PNS. Inverse relationships with the
ANS were observed with the time of platelet aggregation
induced by ristomycin. Regarding the variability of the QT
interval, inverse relationships with neurogenic, myogenic and
respiratory fluxmotions were observed. The standard deviation
and coefficient of variation of QT were inversely related to
the degree of aggregation induced by ristomycin and directly
to epinephrine. The time of spontaneous aggregation, as well
as that induced by ADP and collagen, was directly correlated
with the QT mode and mean QT. The standard deviation and
coefficient of variation of the QT interval inversely affected the
time of spontaneous aggregation induced by collagen, AK and
ristomycin. The rate of aggregation did not affect the variability
of the QT interval. Given the established relationships of HRV
parameters and QT interval variability with indicators of the
functional state of platelet hemostasis, additional consideration
of the characteristics of autonomic dysfunction, as well as
prolongation of the QT interval with increased variability,
is appropriate in the system of management of patients with
coronary artery disease and concomitant coronavirus disease.
There is a need for widespread use of noninvasive methods
of assessing the state of the microcirculatory system and
assessing platelet hemostasis in the management of patients
with coronary artery disease suffering from COVID-19.
Patients with chronic coronary artery disease and concomitant
COVID-19, along with platelet hemostasis dysfunction,
showed signs of autonomic dysregulation and increased QT
interval duration and variability. Additional consideration of
the characteristics of platelet hemostasis function, heart rate
variability and QT interval is advisable in the management
of such patients.
Keywords:
Chronic ischemic heart disease, COVID-19, heart rate variability, QT interval variability, platelet hemostasis dysfunction
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