The impact of chronic psychoemotional stress disrupts various vital physiological functions, which can accelerate the development of age-related pathology. The aim of our study was to study a complex of markers of post-traumatic stress associated with war in men and women of different ages. 127 people (the main group) who were in the city of Kyiv or the Kyiv region during active hostilities in February and March 2022 were examined. The data of 122 people examined before the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war (control group) were used for comparison. An analysis of the psychoemotional state was carried out according to the results of the PLC-5 scale, the Beck depression scale, the Spielberger-Hanin test, as well as the determination of the concentration of cortisol in the blood plasma of autonomic nervous regulation by the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis method. Chronic war-related stress is characterized by greater changes in stress markers in women compared to men. The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder, situational anxiety and depression is highest in young women. During the war, the cortisol levels in the blood are likely to increase in women of all age groups and middle-aged men. With chronic stress in both men and women, the influence of the sympathetic increases and the influence of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system weakens, such changes prevail in young people and the elderly. Thus, we found that chronic psycho-emotional stress associated with war is characterized by more significant changes in stress markers in women compared to men. At the same time, the frequency of the risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, situational anxiety and depression is highest among young women. The basis of these changes is probably an increase in cortisol levels in the blood and an increase in the influence of the sympathetic and weakening of the parasympathetic departments of the autonomic nervous system.