Rhabdomyolysis, as an acute stage of myopathy, causes kidney damage. Literary data indicate that this pathology is caused by the accumulation of muscle breakdown products and is associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, the effect of water-soluble C60 fullerenes (C60), as powerful antioxidants, at different doses of intraperitoneal administration (1 and 2 mg·kg-1) on the development of kidney damage due to the rhabdomyolysis of various severity degrees, which was caused by the intramuscular injection of a 50% glycerol solution into the muscle soleus in doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg·kg-1 was evaluated in the present work. C60 injections at doses of 2 mg·kg-1 have been shown to most effectively increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in severe renal failure (by 29, 38 and 51% on the 3rd, 6th and 9th day of the experiment, respectively). Changes in the content of creatine phosphokinase and activity of glutathione peroxidase in the blood of experimental animals are correlated well (r > 0.94) with changes in GFR with the use of C60. This opens up new opportunities in the therapy of pathological conditions of the muscular system, which are caused by rhabdomyolysis, release of labile Fe3+ from damaged muscle fibers and associated oxidative stress.