Українська English

ISSN 2522-9028 (Print)
ISSN 2522-9036 (Online)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fz

Fiziologichnyi Zhurnal

is a scientific journal issued by the

Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Editor-in-chief: V.F. Sagach

The journal was founded in 1955 as
1955 – 1977 "Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal" (ISSN 0015 – 3311)
1978 – 1993 "Fiziologicheskii zhurnal" (ISSN 0201 – 8489)
1994 – 2016 "Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal" (ISSN 0201 – 8489)
2017 – "Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal" (ISSN 2522-9028)

Fiziol. Zh. 2022; 68(1): 87-92

COVID-19 INFECTION AND AUTOIMMUNE REACTIONS

N.I. Lisyany

    Institute of Neurosurgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fz68.01.087


Abstract

The review considers various mechanisms for the development of autoimmune complications after COVID-19 disease. The significance of hyperactivation of the immune system with impaired tolerance is analyzed in detail, the issues of molecular mimicry and antigenic similarity of virus and human epitopes are considered. High expression of some autoimmune antigens and high levels of autoantibodies to a wide range of human antigens have been shown. The cytotoxicity and blocking effect of specific antiviral antibodies on various cells and tissues of the body and the importance of viral antigens as co-stimulatory molecules for the activation of T- and B-lymphocytes are discussed separately. The review hypothesizes “postcovidal humoral autoimmunity” based on an autoimmune response to various antigens and auto antigens that may cause autoimmune diseases of COVID-19 infection.

Keywords: COVID-19 infection; autoimmune diseases; cytokine storm; molecular mimicry; auto antibodies; autoantigens.

Full text: (PDF, in Ukrainian)

References

  1. Shoenfeld Y, Gilburd B, Abu-Shakra M. The mosaic of autoimmunity: genetic factors involved in autoimmune diseases. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008;10(1):3.
  2. Shoenfeld Y, Zandman-Goddard G, Stojanovich L, et al. The mosaic of autoimmunity: hormonal and environmental factors involved in autoimmune diseases. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008;10(1):8.
  3. Shoenfeld Y, Blank M, Abu-Shakra M. The mosaic of autoimmunity: prediction, autoantibodies, and therapy in autoimmune diseases. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008;10(1):13.
  4. Dotan A, Muller S, Kanduc D, David P, Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y. The SARS-CoV-2 as an instrumental trigger of autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2021 Apr;20(4):102792. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  5. Ehrenfeld M, Tincani A, Andreoli L. Covid-19 and autoimmunity. Autoimmun. Rev. 2020 Dec;19(12):102695. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  6. Wang J, Jiang M, Chen X, Montaner LJ. Cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in mild versus severe SARSCoV-2 infection: Review of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China and emerging pathogenesis and therapy concepts. J Leukoc Biol. 2020 Jul;108(1):17-41. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  7. Ragab D, Salah E, Taeimah H, Khattab R, Salem R. The COVID-19 cytokine storm; what we know so far. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1446. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  8. Tay M, Poh C, Rénia L, MacAry P, Ng L. The trinity of COVID-19: Immunity, inflammation and intervention. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020:1-2. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  9. Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensiv Care Med. 2020;46(5):846-8. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  10. Hasan S, Capstick T, Ahmed R, Kow C, Mazhar F, Merchant H. Mortality in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and corticosteroids use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Rev Respir Med. 2020;14(11):1149-63. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  11. Kaklamanos A, Belogiannis K, Skendros P, Gorgoulis VG, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Tzioufas AG. COVID-19 immunobiology: Lessons learned, new questions arise. Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 26;12:719023. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  12. Icenogle T. COVID-19: Infection or autoimmunity. Front Immunol. 2020;11:2055. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  13. Smatti MK, Cyprian FS, Nasrallah GK, Al Thani AA, Almishal RO, Yassine HM. Viruses and autoimmunity: A review on the potential interaction and molecular mechanisms. Viruses. 2019;11(8):762. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  14. Tang KT, Hsu BC, Chen DY. Autoimmune and rheumatic manifestations associated with COVID-19 in adults: An updated systematic review. Front Immunol. 2021; 12:645013. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  15. Knochelmann HM, Dwyer CJ, Bailey SR, Amaya SM, Elston DM, Mazza-McCrann JM, et al. When worlds collide: Th17 and treg cells in cancer and autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol. 2018;15(5):458-69. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  16. Liblau RS, Wong FS, Mars LT, Santamaria P. Autoreactive CD8 T cells in organ-specific autoimmunity: Emerging targets for therapeutic intervention. Immunity. 2002; 17(1):1-6. CrossRef
  17. Canas CA. The triggering of post-COVID-19 autoimmunity phenomena could be associated with both transient immunosuppression and an inappropriate form of immune reconstitution in susceptible individuals. Med Hypothes. 2020;145:110345. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  18. Kanduc D. From Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immune responses to COVID-19 via molecular mimicry. Antibodies. 2020;9(3):33. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  19. Kanduc D, Shoenfeld Y. Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and mammalian proteomes: Implications for the vaccine. Immunol Res. 2020;68(5):310-3. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  20. Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Ahmed SBM, Hannawi S, Hamoudi R, Hamid Q, et al. Enhanced expression of autoantigens during SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Front Immunol. 2021;12:686462. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  21. Cusick MF, Libbey JE, Fujinami RS. Molecular mimicry as a mechanism of autoimmune disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2012;42(1):102-11. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  22. Rojas M, Restrepo-Jiménez P, Monsalve DM, Pacheco Y, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Ramírez-Santana C, et al. Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun. 2018;95:100-23. CrossRef PubMed
  23. Karami Fath M, Jahangiri A, Ganji M, Sefid F, Payandeh Z, Hashemi ZS, et al. SARS-CoV-2 proteome harbors peptides which are able to trigger autoimmunity responses: Implications for infection, vaccination, and population coverage. Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 10;12:705772. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  24. Liu M, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Shi S, Chen Y, Tian J. The association between severe or dead COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and metaanalysis. J Infect. 2020;81(3):e93-5. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  25. Bastard P, Rosen LB, Zhang Q, Michailidis E, Hoffmann HH, Zhang Y, et al. Auto-antibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science. 2020 Oct 23;370(6515):eabd4585.
  26. Woodruff MC, Ramonell RP, Lee FE-H, Sanz I. Clinically identifiable autoreactivity is common in severe SARSCoV-2 infection. Infect Dis (except HIV/AIDS) 1400 (2020).
  27. Zhou Y, Han T, Chen J, Hou C, Hua L, He S, et al. Clinical and autoimmune characteristics of severe and critical cases of COVID-19. Clin Transl Sci. 2020 Nov;13(6):1077-1086. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  28. Wang EY, Mao T, Klein J, Dai Y, Huck JD, et al. Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. Nature. 2021; 595:283-8. CrossRef PubMed
  29. Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Ahmed SBM, Hannawi S, Hamoudi R, Hamid Q, Halwani R. Enhanced expression of autoantigens during SARSCoV-2 viral infection. Front Immunol. 2021 Jun 30;12:686462. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  30. Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute Covid-19. JAMA. 2020; 324(6):603-5. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  31. Verdoni L, Mazza A, Gervasoni A, Martelli L, Ruggeri M, Ciuffreda M, et al. An Outbreak of Severe KawasakiLike Disease at the Italian Epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic: An observational cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10239):1771-8. CrossRef
  32. Sollini M, Ciccarelli M, Cecconi M, Aghemo A, Morelli P, Gelardi F, et al. Vasculitis Changes in COVID-19 Survivors With Persistent Symptoms. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imag.2021; 48(5):1460-6. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  33. Mahase E. Covid-19: What do we know about "Long covid?". BMJ. 2020; 370:m2815. CrossRef PubMed
  34. Burbelo PD, Iadarola MJ, Alevizos I, Sapio MR. Transcriptomic segregation of human autoantigens useful for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Mol Diagn Ther. 2016;20(5):415-27. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  35. Franke C, Ferse C, Kreye J, Reincke SM, SanchezSendin E, et al. High frequency of cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. Brain Behav Immun. 2021 Mar;93:415-9. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  36. Matschke J, Lütgehetmann M, Hagel C, Sperhake JP, Schröder AS, et al. Neuropathology of patients with COVID-19 in Germany: a post-mortem case series. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(11):919-29. CrossRef
  37. Suurmond J, Diamond B. Autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune diseases: specificity and pathogenicity. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(6):2194-202. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  38. Prüss H. Postviral autoimmune encephalitis: manifestations in children and adults. Current Opin Neurol. 2017;30(3):327-33. CrossRef PubMed
  39. Mehta P, McAuley F, Brown M. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033. CrossRef

© National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 2014-2024.