The effects of transnasal introduction of microRNA (miR-101) in liposomal form on the structural and functional organization of sleep were investigated under conditions of modeling Alzheimer's disease in rats of late adulthood. It is shown that in experimental amyloidosis, course administration of miR101 promotes a significant (22-fold) increase in the duration of the deep slow-wave phase and a two-fold increase in the production of paradoxical sleep that is accompanied by a normalization of the rhythmic organization of the wake-sleep cycle and reflects the positive direction of these effects on its qualitative characteristics, probably, due to the inhibitory effect on the synthesis of the precursor of β-amyloid peptides. The results obtained may indicate the prospects for further study of the therapeutic potential of miR-101.