The study of interconnection of redox processes and carbonyl metabolism as mechanisms of cell damage and the formation of oxidative and carbonyl stress as pathogenetic factors of many pathological conditions in the body is one of the topical problem of modern biomedical sciences. Primary glaucoma and diabetes mellitus are just such diseases. A problem that needs to be solved is also the development of effective and safe ways of correcting these disoders. The study examined the possibility of correcting with benfotiamine (BFT) the metabolic state of carbonyls in the tissues of the eye filtering apparatus of the animals, which were modeled glaucoma by forming high intraocular pressure against streptozotocin diabetes. BFT was administered per os (50 mg per day, 17 mg/kg body weight) for 2 months. It effectively affected the level of toxic carbonyl metabolites: it reduced the accumulation of methylglyoxal, glyoxal, acetoacetate and the content of carbonyl groups of proteins, that indicates a decrease in dicarbonyl stress in the drainage zone tissues of the rabbit’s eyes. Such metabolic activity of BFT in the eye tissues can be very useful in the development of pathogenetically directed therapy for patients with glaucoma and diabetes.