The structural and electrophysiological changes of the peripheral nerve on 10th, 30th and 90th day after unilateral stroke (posttraumatic intracerebral hematoma in the right hemisphere) in the Wistar rats were studied. Electrophysiological and morphological values of the left and right nerves in rats after stroke with/without pharmacological correction were compared. The electrophysiological study has shown a statistically significant decrease in conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve on 30th and 90th day of stroke. The early structural changes in the nerve on the 10th day of stroke (deformation and decrease the thickness and density of nerve fibers) were registered in morphological study. The progress of neurodegeneration on the 30th and 90th days (loss of nerve fibers and the appearance of free Schwann cells) was also shown. The greater level of degenerative changes in the left sciatic nerve in comparison with the right nerve was verified through the morphometric method. The sciatic nerve conduction velocity on 90th day after the treatment (quercetin and phosphatidylcholine) was significantly greater compared with 30th and 90th days without treatment. The increase in conduction velocity may indicate on the adaptive and restorative changes in the nerve induced by treatment. The results of histological studies have shown that a unilateral stroke can induce bilateral neurodegeneration in the sciatic nerve, and the proposed pharmacological treatment may result in restore the conduction velocity in the nerve in the long-term period.