The study in the group of workers of asbestos-cement plants and miners of allelic variants of XRCC7 (rs7003908) and ATM (rs664677) polymorphisms encoding the double-strand break repair DNA (n=215). These polymorphisms are recognized markers of cancer of various types and localizations, as well as markers of radio sensitivity/resistance in the influence of ionizing radiation. The respondents of the research group were workers of asbestos-cement plants and coal miners in the anamnesis in with bronchopulmonary pathology, the control group consisted of workers without diseases of the respiratory system. The genotypes of the genes of the the XRCC7 (rs7003908) and ATM (rs664677) were determined in real time by the polymerase chain reaction method. As a result of the study, it was established that the minor genotype ATM•T/T (OR=2.48 95%CI: 1.16-5.31; χ²=6.61; P<0.01) are associat with a risk of bronchopulmonary pathology. Also, it was found that the dominant allele of ATM•A (OR=0.69; 95% CI: 0.46-1.04), genotypes: dominant homozygotes АТМ•А/А (ОR=0.83; 95%CI: 0.45-1.54), heterozygotes АТМ•А/Т (ОR=0.67; 95%CI: 0.38-1.21) cause resistance to bronchopulmonary pathology in workers with harmful and dangerous working conditions. The analysis of the frequency distribution of the allelic variants of the gene XRCC7 (rs7003908) suggests that there is no association of this polymorphism with the risk of developing respiratory diseases. The obtained results to the importance of polymorphism of the ATM gene (rs664677) for the repair of double-strand DNA ruptures in the development of diseases of the respiratory system in workers in harmful and dangerous industries.